ABSTRACT: 

Deltoid muscle pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal issue affecting a significant portion of the adult population that can result from muscle strain or fiber tears, direct trauma like falling or impact to the shoulder, and also improper lifting technique. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been assumed as a non-invasive method modality designed to facilitate muscle contraction and alleviate pain. This paper focuses on designing and implementing a microcontroller-based Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) device aimed at alleviating Deltoid muscle pain by stimulating the muscle. The proposed NEMS system utilizes an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller to generate precise electrical impulses. The device generates square waveforms at varying frequencies (1 Hz to 50 Hz) and intensities (10V to 50V), which were validated using an oscilloscope and LCD feedback. Clinical testing on five patients demonstrated the efficacy of the EMS unit in relieving Deltoid muscle pain. The results indicated that a pulse frequency range of 2 to 10 Hz was sufficient to achieve significant pain relief. Factors influencing treatment effectiveness included stimulation intensity, patient age, and individual tolerance levels. Patients reported complete pain resolution with moderate-intensity stimulation, while higher intensities partially relieved severe pain. This study concludes that the developed NEMS device offers a non-invasive, cost-effective, and compact solution for managing Deltoid muscle pain. It provides several advantages over traditional pharmaceutical treatments, including reusability, ease of self-administration, and minimal side effects.

Keywords:  Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), Electrical Muscle Stimulation, Deltoid Muscle, Non- invasive treatment. 

ABSTRACT: 

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in modeling and optimizing nanofluid flow in advanced microfluidic systems is investigated in this study. Focussing on nanofluids including aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), copper oxide (CuO) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂), the research demonstrates AI’s capability to improve prediction accuracy, simplify the mesh adaption process and expedite design optimisation. By means of neural networks with Gaussian process, the models can explicitly characterize complex thermophysical effects—i.e., Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and particle coagulation—pegged in standard solutions. Mesh convergence tests, GPU accelerated calculations, and comparison with experimental measurements show the reliability and efficiency of the AI-improved models. The results are of importance for the design of microchannel geometries, enhancements of thermal transfer performance and for enabling an active control of microfluidic devices for drug delivery, diagnostics, and heat exchangers.

Keywords: Artficial Intelligence, Nanofluids, Microuidics, CFD, Thermal Conductivity, Mesh Optimization, Neural Networks,.

ABSTRACT: 

The increasing global demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven significant research into enhancing the efficiency of solar thermal collectors. Curved solar collector plates, encompassing designs such as spiral, corrugated, trapezoidal, and parabolic geometries, represent a promising advancement over conventional flat-plate collectors by improving heat transfer and solar irradiance absorption. This review critically examines recent innovations in curved collector plate design, focusing on thermal performance enhancements, integration with thermal energy storage systems, and the application of advanced working fluids such as nanofluids. The synthesis of contemporary studies highlights the substantial efficiency gains achievable through optimized geometries, external reflectors, and material enhancements, contributing to improved solar-to-thermal energy conversion. Despite these advances, challenges remain in manufacturing complexity, cost-effectiveness, and thermal loss reduction. This paper further discusses future research directions, including economic feasibility and environmental sustainability considerations, aiming to facilitate the wider adoption of curved solar collector technologies in sustainable energy systems.

Keywords: Curved solar collector plates: energy systems: thermal energy conversion